| Peer-Reviewed

Techno-Economic Analysis of Harmonic Disturbances in a University Environment - A Case Study at the University of Cape Coast

Received: 27 June 2022     Accepted: 15 July 2022     Published: 22 July 2022
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

This research investigates the adverse impact of harmonic disturbances present in distribution substations on the electrical installations and distribution network of the University of Cape Coast in economic terms. Power quality analyser using the “very-short time” monitoring duration and referenced against the IEEE 519-2014 harmonics standard was employed to obtain both the voltage total harmonic distortion (THDV) and current total harmonic distortion (THDI). The average total harmonic distortions measured on the university was 16.43% with dominant harmonics of the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 11th and 13th orders culminating in a reduced true power factor of 0.944. Further computations and analysis on the network showed a reduction of the THDI level from 16.43% to 8%. Modelling and simulation of the electrical distribution system was also carried out using Electrical Transient and Analysis Program (ETAP) software. The extracted harmonic waveforms and spectrums revealed harmonics of the 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th orders to be more dominant within the network. Significant improvement of the true power factor with considerable savings of about Gh¢ 1,161,493.71 per annum was realised. The installation of tuned paralleled passive filters to mitigate harmonics gave a net present value of Gh¢ 2,736,028.00 at a discount rate of 8% with a payback period of 6.23 years.

Published in Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (Volume 10, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.jeee.20221004.11
Page(s) 128-141
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Harmonic Distortion, Non-Linear Loads, Distribution Network, Modelling and Simulation, Harmonic Mitigation, Harmonic Cost

References
[1] Arikan, O., Kocatepe, C., Ucar, G. and Hacialiefendioglu, Y. (2015), “Influence of Harmonics on Medium Voltage Distribution System: A Case Study for Residential Area”, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vol. 9, Issue 8, pp 812 – 816.
[2] Akpagloh, F., Armah, S. E. and Osei-Owusu, A. (2014), “Evaluating the Financial Implication of Power Harmonics on ECG Distribution Networks and Customers”, International Journal of Emerging Science and Engineering, Vol. 2, Issue 6, pp. 11 – 20.
[3] Eduful, G. and Atanga, K. J. (2016), “Analysis of High Neutral Currents and Harmonic Impacts on Losses and Capacities of Distribution Transformers”, Proceedings of World Congress on Engineering, London, UK, pp. 369 – 376.
[4] Beleiu, H. G., Beleiu, I. N., Pavel, S. G. and Darab, C. P. (2018). “Management of Power Quality Issues from an Economic Point of View”, Sustainability, Vol. 10, Issue 7, pp. 1 – 16.
[5] Pejovski, D., Najdenkoski, K. and Diaglovski, M. (2017), “Impact of Different Harmonic Loads on Distribution Transformers”, Procedia Engineering, Vol. 202, pp. 76 – 87.
[6] Elphick, S., Ciufo, P., Smith, V. and Perera, S. (2015), “Summary of the Economic Impacts of Power Quality on Consumers”, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, Wollongong, Australia, pp. 1 – 6.
[7] Jiang, C., Salles, D., Xu, W. and Freitas, W. (2012), “Assessing the Collective Harmonic Impact of Modern Residential Loads – Part II: Applications”, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 27, Issue 4, pp. 1947 – 1955.
[8] Das, J. C. (2017), “Harmonic Generation Effects, Propagation and Control”, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 381 pp.
[9] Salles, D., Jiang, C., Xu, W., Freitas, W. and Mazin, H. E. (2012), “Assessing the Collective Harmonic Impact of Modern Residential Loads – Part I: Methodology”, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 27, Issue 4, pp. 1937 – 1946.
[10] Zobaa, A. F., Aleem, S. H. E. A. and Balci, M. E. (2018), “Introductory Chapter: Power System Harmonics - Analysis, Effects, and Mitigation Solutions for Power Quality Improvement”, https://www.intechopen.com/books/power-system-harmonics-analysis-effects-and-mitigation-solutions-for-power-quality-improvement/introductory-chapter-power-system-harmonics-analysis-effects-and-mitigation-solutions-for-power-qual, Accessed: April 2, 2020.
[11] Gandhare, W. Z. and Patil, K. D. (2013), “Effects of Harmonics on Power Loss in XLPE Cables”, Energy and Power Engineering, Vol. 5, pp. 1235 – 1239.
[12] Ajenikoko, G. A. and Ojerinde, A. I. (2015), “Effects of Total Harmonic Distortions on Power System Equipment”, Journal of Innovative Systems Design and Engineering, Vol. 6, Issue 5, pp. 114 – 120.
[13] McBee, K. D. (2017), “Transformer Aging Due to High Penetrations of PV and EV Charging and Storage Application”, Proceedings of the 9th Green Technology Conference, Denver, USA, pp. 163 – 170.
[14] Anon. (2018), “Electrical Installation Guide 2018 – According to IEC International Standards”, Schneider Electric, Technical Collection Press, pp. 145 – 157.
[15] Carnovale, D. J. (2003), “Applying Harmonic Solutions to Commercial and Industrial Power Systems”, Eaton Cutler-Hammer, https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/242277372, Accessed: September 17, 2018.
[16] Fuchs, E. and Masoum, M. S. (2015), “Power Quality in Power Systems and Electrical Machines”, Academic Press, Massachusetts, 1123 pp.
[17] Grady, V. M. and Gilleskie, R. J. (1993), “Harmonics and How They Relate to Power Factor”, Proceedings of the EPRI Power Quality Issues & Opportunities Conference. San Diego, USA, 8 pp.
[18] Sapkota, S and Sapkota, S. (2019), “Benefit Cost Analysis of Different Rice Varieties in Kapilvastu District, Nepal”, International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Vol. 7, Issue 2, pp. 222 – 226.
[19] Greer, N and Ksaibati, K. (2019), “Development of Benefit Cost Analysis Tools for Evaluating Transportation Research Projects”, Transportation Research Record, Vol. 2673 Issue 1, pp. 123 – 135.
[20] Seal, W., Garrison, R. H., Rohde, C. and Noreen, E. W. (2018), “Management Accounting”, 6th Edition, McGraw-Hill Inc., Boston, 865 pp.
[21] Noreen, E., Brewer, P. and Garrison, R. H. (2017), “Managerial Accounting for Managers”, 5th edition, McGraw-Hill Education, New York, 640 pp.
[22] Heydt, G. T. (2018), “The Probabilistic Evaluation of Net Present Value of Electric Power Distribution Systems Based on the Kaldor–Hicks Compensation Principle”, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 33, Issue 4, pp. 4488 – 4495.
[23] Anon. (2014), “519-2014 IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems”, IEEE Standards Association, New York, 213 pp.
[24] Motta, L. and Faundes, N. (2016), “Active/Passive Harmonic Filters: Applications, Challenges & Trends”, Proceedings of International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, pp. 657 – 662.
[25] Singh, O. P. (2018), “Cost-Benefit Analysis of Harmonic Current Reduction in PV System – A Review”, Journal of Basic and Applied Engineering Research, Vol. 4, Issue 3, pp. 267 – 275.
[26] Anon. (2020), “Ghana Policy Rate and Foreign Exchange”, https://www.bog.gov.gh, Accessed: February 13, 2020.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Joseph Cudjoe Attachie, Benedict Addo-Yeboa. (2022). Techno-Economic Analysis of Harmonic Disturbances in a University Environment - A Case Study at the University of Cape Coast. Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 10(4), 128-141. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20221004.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Joseph Cudjoe Attachie; Benedict Addo-Yeboa. Techno-Economic Analysis of Harmonic Disturbances in a University Environment - A Case Study at the University of Cape Coast. J. Electr. Electron. Eng. 2022, 10(4), 128-141. doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20221004.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Joseph Cudjoe Attachie, Benedict Addo-Yeboa. Techno-Economic Analysis of Harmonic Disturbances in a University Environment - A Case Study at the University of Cape Coast. J Electr Electron Eng. 2022;10(4):128-141. doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20221004.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.jeee.20221004.11,
      author = {Joseph Cudjoe Attachie and Benedict Addo-Yeboa},
      title = {Techno-Economic Analysis of Harmonic Disturbances in a University Environment - A Case Study at the University of Cape Coast},
      journal = {Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering},
      volume = {10},
      number = {4},
      pages = {128-141},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jeee.20221004.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20221004.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jeee.20221004.11},
      abstract = {This research investigates the adverse impact of harmonic disturbances present in distribution substations on the electrical installations and distribution network of the University of Cape Coast in economic terms. Power quality analyser using the “very-short time” monitoring duration and referenced against the IEEE 519-2014 harmonics standard was employed to obtain both the voltage total harmonic distortion (THDV) and current total harmonic distortion (THDI). The average total harmonic distortions measured on the university was 16.43% with dominant harmonics of the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 11th and 13th orders culminating in a reduced true power factor of 0.944. Further computations and analysis on the network showed a reduction of the THDI level from 16.43% to 8%. Modelling and simulation of the electrical distribution system was also carried out using Electrical Transient and Analysis Program (ETAP) software. The extracted harmonic waveforms and spectrums revealed harmonics of the 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th orders to be more dominant within the network. Significant improvement of the true power factor with considerable savings of about Gh¢ 1,161,493.71 per annum was realised. The installation of tuned paralleled passive filters to mitigate harmonics gave a net present value of Gh¢ 2,736,028.00 at a discount rate of 8% with a payback period of 6.23 years.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Techno-Economic Analysis of Harmonic Disturbances in a University Environment - A Case Study at the University of Cape Coast
    AU  - Joseph Cudjoe Attachie
    AU  - Benedict Addo-Yeboa
    Y1  - 2022/07/22
    PY  - 2022
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20221004.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.jeee.20221004.11
    T2  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
    JF  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
    JO  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
    SP  - 128
    EP  - 141
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2329-1605
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20221004.11
    AB  - This research investigates the adverse impact of harmonic disturbances present in distribution substations on the electrical installations and distribution network of the University of Cape Coast in economic terms. Power quality analyser using the “very-short time” monitoring duration and referenced against the IEEE 519-2014 harmonics standard was employed to obtain both the voltage total harmonic distortion (THDV) and current total harmonic distortion (THDI). The average total harmonic distortions measured on the university was 16.43% with dominant harmonics of the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 11th and 13th orders culminating in a reduced true power factor of 0.944. Further computations and analysis on the network showed a reduction of the THDI level from 16.43% to 8%. Modelling and simulation of the electrical distribution system was also carried out using Electrical Transient and Analysis Program (ETAP) software. The extracted harmonic waveforms and spectrums revealed harmonics of the 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th orders to be more dominant within the network. Significant improvement of the true power factor with considerable savings of about Gh¢ 1,161,493.71 per annum was realised. The installation of tuned paralleled passive filters to mitigate harmonics gave a net present value of Gh¢ 2,736,028.00 at a discount rate of 8% with a payback period of 6.23 years.
    VL  - 10
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Mines and Technology, Tarkwa, Ghana

  • Directorate of Physical Development and Estate Management, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana

  • Sections